Explanation: Star clusters appear constant because photographs of them are frozen in time.
In reality, though, cluster stars swarm the center and frequently fluctuate in brightness.
Although the time it takes for stars to cross a cluster is about 100,000 years, the time it takes for a star to fluctuate noticeably can be less than one night.
Most of the variable stars visible above are RR Lyrae stars, stars that can quickly double their brightness while becoming noticeably bluer.
Furthermore, RR Lyrae stars vary their light in a distinctive pattern that allows unique identification.
Lastly, since RR Lyrae stars all have the same intrinsic brightness, identifying them and measuring how dim they appear tells how far they are, since faintness means farness.
